A feat is a special feature that either grants your character a new capability, or improves a feature they already have. Unlike skills, a feat has no ranks. A character either has the feat or they don't.
Unlike skills, feats are not bought with points. You simply choose them for your character. Each character gets one feat when the character is created. At 3rd level and every three character levels thereafter (6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, and 18th), he or she gains another feat.
Additionally, various classes grant characters bonus feats at certain levels. Classes like the fighter, ranger, samurai, and wizard all offer a character bonus feats. Humans gain an additional feat at first level. And finally it is not unheard of for a DM to give a bonus feat out to a character as a reward.
Feats are broken down into various types. They include:
Some feats have more than one heading, but for the most part they all fall into one of the above categories. If a feat does fall into two or more categories, the first category listed takes precedence. For example, the feat Disguise Spell is listed as both a Bard feat and a Metamagic feat, but because Bard is listed first, it is primarily a Bard feat. A wizard could not take this feat as a Metamagic feat.